Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery for Depression Therapy: Current Perspectives on Bilosomal in Situ Nasal Gel Systems

Abstract

Depression is the multifactorial neuropsychiatric and chronic disorder that continues to the pose significant in the therapeutic challenges due to their limited brain bioavailability, and delayed onset of action. blood–brain barrier remains the major by obstacle in achieving the effective in drug concentrations within their central nervous system. nose-to-brain drug delivery has occurred the promising for the non-invasive strategy that for enables the direct transport of the therapeutic agents to their brain via the olfactory and trigeminal pathways, thereby the bypassing blood–brain barrier. Recent advances in this nanotechnology have further strengthened this approach by through the development of the novel carrier-based systems. Among these, the bilosomal in situ nasal gels have gained the considerable attention due to their enhanced stability, and permeation efficiency, and the prolonged nasal residence time. Bilosomes, stabilized with the bile salts, offer improved vesicular the flexibility which high drug encapsulation efficiency, and for enhanced brain targeting, while in situ nasal gels provide controlled release and resistance to mucociliary clearance. In this review comprehensively discusses about the nasal cavity anatomy and physiology of the relevant brain targeting and pathophysiological mechanisms and advantages of their nose-to-brain delivery for role of the novel drug delivery systems, and also their potential of bilosomal for in situ nasal gels for the depression therapy.